Essay Writing Guide

Essay Structure

A well-structured essay typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each part serves a specific purpose in conveying your argument effectively.

                        Essential Components
                        Introduction: Context, thesis statement, and outline of your argument
Body paragraphs: Each with a clear topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and link to thesis
Conclusion: Summary of key points, restatement of thesis, and wider implications

                    

Diagram showing the structure of an academic essay

The basic structure of an academic essay

Critical Thinking

University essays require critical thinking, not just description. This means analyzing evidence, considering different perspectives, and developing reasoned arguments.

Descriptive Writing	Critical Analysis
States what happened	Evaluates why it happened
Lists theory	Examines implications of theory
States evidence	Evaluates strength of evidence
Describes what others say	Evaluates what others say

Tip

When writing critically, always ask 'So what?' about any information you include. Why does this point matter for your argument?

Common Essay Mistakes

Being aware of common mistakes can help you avoid them in your own writing.

Lack of Clear Thesis

Without a clear thesis statement, essays often lack direction. Your thesis should explicitly state the main argument of your essay in the introduction.

Poor Structure

Jumping between ideas without logical flow makes your essay difficult to follow. Use topic sentences, transitions, and a clear overall structure.

Inadequate Evidence

Claims need to be supported by relevant evidence from credible sources. Unsupported assertions weaken your argument.

Descriptive Rather Than Analytical

Simply describing theories or studies without analyzing them doesn't demonstrate critical thinking.

Weak Academic Voice

Using colloquial language, excessive first-person pronouns, or emotional appeals can undermine your academic credibility.

Helpful Resources

Essay Planning Template

Template

A structured template to help plan your essay structure and arguments

Download Template

Essay Proofreading Checklist

Checklist

A comprehensive checklist to use before submitting your essay

Download Checklist

Purdue OWL: Essay Writing

External Resource

Comprehensive resource for academic essay writing from Purdue University

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Harvard College Writing Center

External Resource

Excellent guide to essay structure from Harvard University

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Essay Structure

Essential Components